Integration of Ḥisāb and Rukyat In Determining The Beginning Of The Lunar Month: Unity Of Science Perspective

Abstrak

This study aims to analyze the integration of ḥisāb and rukyat methods in determining the beginning of the Hijri month through the perspective of unity of science. The methodology used is a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through literature studies and analysis of relevant documents, including fatwas and guidelines for determining the beginning of the month from religious institutions. The research focuses on identifying the common ground between ḥisāb and rukyat, as well as exploring how they can complement each other in scientific and religious contexts. The main findings show that the integration of ḥisāb and rukyat is in line with the principle of unity of science, allowing synergy between religion and science. Data analysis linking astronomical theory with sharia perspectives resulted in an integrative model for the determination of the beginning of the Hijri month. This model utilizes the accuracy of ḥisāb calculations and empirical validation of rukyat, increasing the precision of the determination of the beginning of the month and reducing differences of opinion among Muslims. The research also reveals the potential of using modern technology in rukyat to bridge the gap with ḥisāb. In conclusion, this integrative approach offers a comprehensive solution that respects fiqh traditions while utilizing astronomical advances.